Speaker Sex Affects Listener Processing of Gendered Words

This is Scientific American's 60-Second Science. I'm Karen Hopkin. This'll just take a minute.
Gato. Lata. Fajo. Mora. Pelo.Risa.
Confused? Uh-huh.
Well, you should be.
And not just because we're suddenly speaking en Espa?ol,
but because each word has a grammatical gender that we purposely mismatched with the sex of the person who said it.
Such verbal incongruity can slow our ability to process language, according to linguists writing in the journal PLOS One.
When we listen to the spoken word, we take away more than its meaning.
We also learn something about the speaker, like where he or she comes from and whether he or she is a he or a she.
But some psychologists think that we strip away all that extraneous information when our brains process what we hear.
To test that assumption, researchers asked 20 native Spanish speakers to listen to a list of Spanish words.
Half the terms were masculine,they ended in 'o',the other half feminine, ending in 'a'.
And when the sex of the word and the talker differed, listeners who were asked to identify the word's gender took longer and made more mistakes.
The opposite effect did not take place.
Listeners were able to identify the sex of the speaker con no problemo.
Thanks for the minute, for Scientific American's 60-Second Science. I'm Karen Hopkin.