Prototype Matching
阅读材料
Prototype Matching
Sometimes people have to make a decision where none of the available options is clearly the best choice. One way people may approach this kind of difficult decision is by using prototype matching. With prototype matching, people start by imagining the typical person who would choose one of the options. Then they consider whether they feel similar to that person, and if they share the same personality and beliefs. If they feel similar to the typical person who would choose the option, they may select that option. This can help people decide which option is most suitable for them in situations where they are uncertain.
听力材料
Now listen to part of a lecture in a psychology class.
Okay, so let's look at an example of this. Say guy just moved to an apartment in a new town, and he needs some sort of transportation to get to work because his apartment is some distance from the office where he works, and too far to walk. Since there are no busses that run through the area, he figures his options are to either buy a car so he can drive to work and back, or just ride a bicycle back and forth. So it's kind of a tough decision, because getting a car could be pretty expensive, but when he thinks about the type of person who would drive, that person seems like they might spend money more freely to pay for the car and all the repairs and fuel, and that person probably isn't very athletic or into exercise. Of course, riding a bike to work every day would be a big commitment too. You know what about the mornings when it's really cold outside, or when it rains? But when the man thinks about the kind of guy who might ride a bike to work. He pictures someone athletic who likes to get exercise and stay healthy, which he can relate to. He feels like he's also an active athletic person. Picturing those two kinds of people, the guy really relates to the second person better. So it seems like the best choice for him is to ride a bike. That's what he ends up doing, and he's happy about it.
问题
Explain how the example from the professor's lecture illustrates the concept of prototype matching.
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Prototype matching is when people imagine the typical person who would choose one of the options, consider whether they feel similar to that person in personality and beliefs, and may select that option if they feel similar.
The professor illustrates prototype matching through a man deciding between driving or biking to work. He compares each option to a ‘prototype’—a stereotypical user. Driving aligns with someone less athletic and spendthrift, while biking matches an active, health-conscious person. Since the man identifies more with the biker prototype, he chooses biking. This shows prototype matching: we evaluate choices by comparing ourselves to mental prototypes of typical users, then pick the option aligning with our self-image. -
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