Living Shorelines
阅读材料
Living Shorelines
People often build towns or settlements near the ocean, but these settlements can experience erosion when ocean waves wear away the land. To resolve this difficulty, people may put up artificial barriers to protect the land from the ocean. However, these barriers reduce the available habitat for coastal plant and animal species living near the water. Therefore, many scientists today encourage the creation of living shorelines. Creating a living shoreline involves removing artificial barriers and instead using natural elements to protect the land from the water. The purpose is to restore the area to a more natural condition and provide a habitat for plants and animals, while also protecting human settlements.
听力材料
Okay, so there's actually a university where this was done. This university has a nice location, right near the ocean, and it's very pretty. And when the grounds of this university were originally created, the people who designed it built a concrete wall along the edge of the campus to separate the campus from the water. So this created a boundary, and when the waves hit the concrete, they just stopped right there. Now, before they built the wall, there had originally been a lot of birds and fish and crabs in the area, but these animals needed a coastal wetland to live in, a grassy, marshy area near the sea, and the concrete wall was built on top of this wetland area, so there was just the ocean and then the wall and the buildings of the campus. And as a result, the wetland animals had disappeared. Then more recently, following the advice of scientists, the university decided to create one of these special areas we've been talking about. They tore down the concrete wall, and in its place they put in special wetland soil as well as a special kind of marsh grass on the shoreline that decreased the energy of breaking waves, and these wetland grasses spread and filled in the area between the campus and the ocean, so the wetland soil and grasses absorbed the waves and the campus was protected from damage. And at the same time, the wetland also increased the biodiversity in the area, because it provided a place where birds and fish could live
问题
Explain how the example in the lecture illustrates the concept of a living shoreline.
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Living shorelines use natural materials instead of man-made walls to protect coasts while helping plants and animals.
The professor elaborates on this by providing an example. The university originally built a concrete wall along the shoreline as a boundary, which destroyed the natural coastal wetland habitat. As a result, local wildlife like birds and fish disappeared since they depended on this ecosystem. Later, the university tore down the wall and restored the area with a special kind of marsh grass and wetland soil that absorbed wave energy while protecting the campus. At the same time, this project significantly increased biodiversity by recreating a suitable environment for marine species to thrive again.
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