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NARRATOR:Listen to a conversation between a student and her professor.
MALE PROFESSOR:Before we get started, I... I just wanted to say I'm glad you chose food science for your major courses study.
FEMALE STUDENT:Yeah, it seems like a great industry to get involved with.I mean with the four-year degree in food science, I'll always be able to find a job.
MALE PROFESSOR:You're absolutely right. Before entering academia, I worked as a scientist for several food manufacturers and for the US Food and Drug Administration.I even worked on a commercial fishing boat in Alaska a couple of summers while I was an undergraduate.We bring in the day's catch to a floating processor boat where the fish got cleaned, packaged and frozen right at sea.
FEMALE STUDENT:That's amazing!As a matter of fact, I'm sort of interested in food packaging.
MALE PROFESSOR:Well, for that, you'll need a strong background in physics, math and chemistry.
FEMALE STUDENT:Those are my best subjects.For a long time, I was leading towards getting my degree in engineering.
MALE PROFESSOR:Well, then you shouldn't have a problem.And fortunately, at this university, the department of food science offers a program in food packaging.Elsewhere, you might have to hammer courses together on your own.
FEMALE STUDENT:I guess I luck out then.Um... so since my appointment today is to discuss my term paper topic, I wanted to ask, could I write about food packaging?I realize we're supposed to research food-born bacteria, but food packaging must play a role in all of that, right?
MALE PROFESSOR:Absolutely! Maybe you should do some preliminary research on that.
FEMALE STUDENT:I have! That's the problem, I'm overwhelmed.
MALE PROFESSOR:Well, in your reading, did anything interest you in particular?I mean something you'd like to investigate.
FEMALE STUDENT:Well, I was surprised about the different types of packaging used for milk.You know, clear plastic bottles, opaque bottles, cardboard containers...
MALE PROFESSOR:True! In fact, the type of packaging has something to do with the way milk's treated against bacteria.
FEMALE STUDENT:Yeah, and I read a study that showed how light can give milk a funny flavor and decrease the nutritional value.And yet most milk bottles are clear.What's up with that?
MALE PROFESSOR:Well consumers like being able to visually examine the color of the milk.That might be one reason that opaque bottles haven't really caught on.But that study... I'm sure there’re more studies on the subject.You shouldn't base your paper on only one study.
FEMALE STUDENT:Maybe I should write about those opaque plastic bottles.Find out if there are any scientific reasons they aren't used more widely?Maybe opaque bottles aren't as good at keeping bacteria from growing in milk after the bottle has been opened to something...But where to begin researching this? I don't have a...
MALE PROFESSOR:You know, there is a dairy not far from here in Chelsea.It was one of the first dairies to bottle milk in opaque plastic, but now they're using clear plastic again.And they're always very supportive of the university and our students, so if you want it...
FEMALE STUDENT:Yeah, I like that idea.
旁白：请听一段一名学生和教授讨论的对话。
教授：在我们开始之前，我只想说我很高兴你选择食物科学作为你的主要课程研究方向。
学生：是的，似乎这是一个可以投入的产业。我的意思是说，经过四年的关于食物科学的学习后，我以后总可以找到工作。
教授：你说的很对。在进入学术研究行列前，我在几个食物制造公司担任过科学家，也曾在美国食物药物管理局任职。当我还是大学生的时候，我还连续几个暑假在阿拉斯加某一商用捕鱼船上实习过。我们把当天捕获的鱼带到漂浮加工船，当船还在海上的时候我们会将鱼清洗干净包装并冷冻起来。
学生：真厉害。事实上，我对食物包装很感兴趣。
教授：嗯，这样，你就需要强大的物理数学和化学背景。
学生：这些都是我最擅长的科目。在获得工程学学位之前，我曾经学习了很长一段时间。
教授：这样的话你就没有任何问题了。幸运的是，在这所大学，食物科学系提供食物包装项目要是在别处，你可能就要自己扛下了。
学生：我想到时我会很喜欢的。那么，由于我今天跟您约是想讨论我的学期论文话题，我本来是想问，我可以写关于食物包装的话题吗？我发现我们应该研究食物糜烂后滋生的细菌，但是食物包装应该起到了很大的作用，对吧？
教授：当然了。也许你应该做些初期研究工作。
学生：我已经做了，这就是问题所在，内容太多了我看不过来。
教授：嗯，阅读的时候，有没有发现什么特别感兴趣的？就是你特别想调查研究的。
学生：嗯，对于各种各样的牛奶包装，我感到很惊讶。你知道，透光的塑料瓶，不透光的牛奶瓶，硬纸盒等等。
教授：对！事实上，牛奶的包装跟防菌处理是有相关联的。
学生：是的，我读过一篇文章，说光线能够让牛奶发出异味，降低营养价值。但是很多牛奶瓶还是透光的这是怎么回事呢？
教授：嗯，消费者喜欢对牛奶的颜色进行直观的判断。这可能是为射门不透光的牛奶瓶没有被使用的原因之一。但是那个研究，我敢肯定会有更多关于这个话题的研究的。你的论文不该只基于一方面的研究。
学生：也许我的论文应该写那些关于那些不透光的塑料瓶。关于这些瓶子没有得到广泛应用的问题，找出是否有什么科学的原因。也许在牛奶瓶开盖了以后，不透光的牛奶瓶就不像封闭时那样能有效防止细菌滋长吧。但是调查要从哪方面开始呢？我很晕……
教授：你知道，在切尔西市，离这里不远的地方有一个奶牛厂。这是第一个用不透光的牛奶瓶装牛奶的奶牛场，但是他们现在使用的是透光的塑料瓶。他们一直也很支持我们大学和我们的学生去调查研究，如果你想要的话……
学生：啊对，这主意不错。
如果对题目有疑问，欢迎来提出你的问题，热心的小伙伴会帮你解答。