Listen to part of a lecture in an Animal Behavior class.
听力材料
Listen to part of a lecture in an Animal Behavior class.
One of the most important behaviors in any animal is the ability to avoid being eaten by predators. Animals have a number of behaviors to protect themselves. Today, I'd like to talk about defensive behaviors in which animals protect themselves by either fooling or misleading their predators. These behaviors succeed in getting a predator to lose interest and well, basically go away. One snake I'd like to talk about today, the hognose snake, has two defensive behaviors it uses to avoid predators. Some animals including the Hognose Snake. Are able to look more dangerous than they really are. When a predator such as a hawk or fox comes near, the hognose, snake will fan out its jaw and neck and puff up its body, which makes it look bigger. Also, it'll move suddenly, as if it's about to bite. But when it does this, it has a closed mouth, it's not really going to bite, but it sure moves as if it's about to. Now these behaviors might scare predators away. A second way an animal might mislead a predator is by behaving as if it were dead. Most predators like to hunt living, moving prey, so it'll probably ignore an animal playing dead. Well, let's look at the hognose snake again. When a predator approaches, a hognose snake might flatten out its body and then lie down with its belly up, mouth open and tongue hanging out, just as if it were dead. It may play dead for several minutes before turning over. Then it looks around to see if the predator is gone before crawling away.
问题
Using points and examples from the talk, explain two behaviors animals have to avoid being eaten by predators.
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The professor discusses two defensive behaviors animals use to avoid predators.
First, appearing more dangerous than they are. The hognose snake demonstrates this: when a hawk or fox approaches, it fans out its jaw and neck, puffs up its body to look bigger, and suddenly moves as if to bite—though its mouth stays closed. These actions scare predators away.
Second, pretending to be dead. Most predators ignore non-moving prey. The hognose snake flattens its body, lies belly-up with mouth open and tongue hanging out, playing dead for minutes. Only after checking if the predator left does it crawl away.
Both behaviors—exaggerating threats and feigning death—effectively mislead predators.
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