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本题 E-rater 评分分布：
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Si-Rater 写作机评

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根据ETS官方评分标准，预测口语得分
  • 证明观点的能力 Development 0
  • 语言组织能力与逻辑 Organization 0
  • 语法与词汇的使用 Use of grammar and vocabulary 0
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According to the reading material, the author believes that there are three problems on the communal online encyclopedia, which make it less valuable, however, the lecturer casts serious doubt on what the author believes.

Firstly, the author asserts that the information in communal online encyclopedias may be inaccurate as the contributors lacks academic credential. The lecturer, however, argues that there are errors both in the online encyclopedia and the traditional one. It is impossible to create a encyclopedia without mistake. However, if it is the traditional form, it can be corrected as it have been printed. Meanwhile, if it is the online form, it can be correct.

Secondly, the author claims that the online encyclopedia may be attacked by people and the information in it may be changed. The lecturer, however, contends that people are aware of this potential risk so we set two ways to protect the online encyclopedia. The first method is to create a special format that can not be changed by others except so that the crucial information won't be affected. The second method is to set some editors to manage those encyclopedias. All changes having been made can be supervised by them and they can turn back to the original one.

Finally, the author maintains that the scope is too wide to identify whether the information is important or not. The lecturer, however, suggests that there won't be a huge scope if we search for the information we need correctly. Furthermore, the most important encyclopedias will be in the head of the list. So there is no need to worry about the searching scope.
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题目信息
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Communal online encyclopedias represent one of the latest resources to be found on the Internet. They are in many respects like traditional printed encyclopedias collections of articles on various subjects. What is specific to these online encyclopedias, however, is that any Internet user can contribute a new article or make an editorial change in an existing one. As a result, the encyclopedia is authored by the whole community of Internet users. The idea might sound attractive, but the communal online encyclopedias have several important problems that make them much less valuable than traditional, printed encyclopedias.

First, contributors to a communal online encyclopedia often lack academic credentials, thereby making their contributions partially informed at best and downright inaccurate in many cases. Traditional encyclopedias are written by trained experts who adhere to standards of academic rigor that nonspecialists cannot really achieve.

Second, even if the original entry in the online encyclopedia is correct, the communal nature of these online encyclopedias gives unscrupulous users and vandals or hackers the opportunity to fabricate, delete, and corrupt information in the encyclopedia. Once changes have been made to the original text, an unsuspecting user cannot tell the entry has been tampered with. None of this is possible with a traditional encyclopedia.

Third, the communal encyclopedias focus too frequently, and in too great a depth, on trivial and popular topics, which creates a false impression of what is important and what is not. A child doing research for a school project may discover that a major historical event receives as much attention in anonline encyclopedia as, say, a single long-running television program. The traditional encyclopedia provides a considered view of what topics to include or exclude and contains a sense of proportion that online "democratic" communal encyclopedias do not.

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Now listen to part of a lecture on the topic you just read about.

The communal online encyclopedia will probably never be perfect, but that’s a small price to pay for what it does offer. The criticisms in the reading are largely the result of prejudice against and ignorance about how far online encyclopedias have come.

First, errors: It’s hardly a fair criticism that encyclopedias on line have errors. Traditional encyclopedias have never been close to perfectly accurate. If you’re looking for a really comprehensive reference work without any mistakes, you’re not going to find it—on- or off-line. The real point is that it’s easy for errors in factual material to be corrected in an online encyclopedia—but with the printed and bound encyclopedia, the errors remain for decades.

Second, hacking: online encyclopedias have recognized the importance of protecting their articles from malicious hackers. One strategy they started using is to put the crucial facts in the articles that nobody disputes in a ‘read-only’ format, which is a format that no one can make changes to. That way you’re making sure that the crucial facts in the articles are reliable. Another strategy that’s being used is to have special editors whose job is to monitor all changes made to the articles and eliminate those changes that are clearly malicious.

Third, what’s worth knowing about: The problem for traditional encyclopedias is that they have limited space, so they have to decide what’s important and what’s not. And in practice, the judgments of the group of academics that make these decisions don’t reflect the great range of interests that people really have. But space is definitely not an issue for online encyclopedias. The academic articles are still represented in online encyclopedias, but there can be a great variety of articles and topics that accurately reflect the great diversity of users’ interests. The diversity of views and topics that online encyclopedias offer is one of their strongest advantages.

问题

Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to explain how they oppose the specific points made in the reading passage.

本题优质内容
  • 网友思路
  • 高分作文
  • 名师思路

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分数说明

1. E-rater 是ETS在托福考试中真实使用的写作机评系统，具有很高的参考价值。因真实的考试中还有人类评分的环节，因此机器评分不能简单等同于最终的考试分数

2. 经过对测试用户写作成绩数据分析，考满分老师为大家提供了 E-rater 与真实考试分数的对应关系，供参考：

原始分数与水平对应关系
（老师会跟进数据并不定期更新）
机评分数 参考成绩
5 - 6 25 分以上
3 - 4 18 - 24 分
1 - 2 17 分以下