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Si-Rater 写作机评

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  • 证明观点的能力 Development 0
  • 语言组织能力与逻辑 Organization 0
  • 语法与词汇的使用 Use of grammar and vocabulary 0
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Both of the reading passage and the lecture are about tuna farming. The reading passage presents three reasons to oppose that tuna farming is not available, including reducing wild tuna populations, the high cost to raise tuna, and the dangerous of being infested by blood flukes. However, the professor disagrees with these ideas.

First, the reading states that the female do not lay eggs in captivity so that farmers have to capture numerous yonung wild tuna to keep their farms going, which caused the wild pupulations to decline worse. On the contrary, the professor argues that there might be solutions such as injecting harmone into female tuna that are captured. Under this circunstance, tuna farms are no longer need to capture young wild tuna to keep farms going. Therefore, with this advicement, the first reason that tuna farming can cause wild pupulations to decline is unstandable.

Second, the reading passage shows that the food cost to rase tuna is too high to remain profitable since tuna feed exclusively and large amounts of small fish. Nevertheless, the professor refutes that some kinds of plants with high nutrients and proteins can also meet the requirement. And these plants are cheap enough to maintain the profits. Under this circunstance, the problem that the food cost is high might be solved.

Third, the reading passage contends that tuna farming have problem with infestations of blood flukes, which causes diseases or even death for tuna. However, the professor again opposes that putting the cages offshore and in the deep water might alleviate the problem. Because blood flukes are not available when farms are offshore and hard to survive in deep water. In that case, tuna farming seems available with lower infestations of blood flukes.
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The sea otter is a small mammal that lives in waters along the western coast of North America from California to Alaska. When some sea otter populations off the Alaskan coast started rapidly declining a few years ago, it caused much concern because sea otters play an important ecological role in the coastal ecosystem. Experts started investigating the cause of the decline and quickly realized that there were two possible explanations: environmental pollution or attacks by predators. Initially, the pollution hypothesis seemed the more likely of the two.

The first reason why pollution seemed the more likely cause was that there were known sources of it along the Alaskan coast, such as oil rigs and other sources of industrial chemical pollution. Water samples from the area revealed increased levels of chemicals that could decrease the otters' resistance to life-threatening infections and thus could indirectly cause their deaths.

Second, other sea mammals such as seals and sea lions along the Alaskan coast were also declining, indicating that whatever had endangered the otters was affecting other sea mammals as well. This fact again pointed to environmental pollution, since it usually affects the entire ecosystem rather than a single species. Only widely occurring predators, such as the orca (a large predatory whale), could have the same effect, but orcas prefer to hunt much larger prey, such as other whales.

Third, scientists believed that the pollution hypothesis could also explain the uneven pattern of otter decline: at some Alaskan locations the otter populations declined greatly, while at others they remained stable. Some experts explained these observations by suggesting that ocean currents or other environmental factors may have created uneven concentrations of pollutants along the coast.

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Now listen to part of a lecture on the topic you just read about.

Well, ongoing investigations have revealed that predation [a diffıcult word for candidates: enunciate clearly] is the most likely cause of sea otter decline after all.

First, the pollution theory is weakened by the fact no one can really find any dead sea otters washing up on Alaskan beaches. That's not what you would expect if infections caused by pollution started killing a lot of otters. On the other hand, the fact that it's so hard to find dead otters is consistent with the predator hypothesis: if an otter is killed by a predator, it's eaten immediately so it can't wash up on shore.

Second, although orcas may prefer to hunt whales, whales have essentially disappeared from the area because of human hunters. That means that orcas have had to change their diet to survive, and since only smaller sea mammals are now available, orcas have probably started hunting those. So it probably is the orcas that are causing the decline of all the smaller sea mammals mentioned in the passage, the seals, the sea lions, and the sea otters.

And third, the uneven pattern of otter decline is better explained by the orca predation theory than by the pollution theory. What happens to otters seems to depend on whether the location where they live is accessible to orcas or not. In those locations that orcas can access easily, the number of sea otters has declined greatly. However, because orcas are so large, they can't access shallow or rocky locations. And shallow a d rocky locations are precisely the types of locations where sea otter populations have not declined.

问题

Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to explain how they respond to the specific points made in the reading passage.

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分数说明

1. E-rater 是ETS在托福考试中真实使用的写作机评系统,具有很高的参考价值。因真实的考试中还有人类评分的环节,因此机器评分不能简单等同于最终的考试分数

2. 经过对测试用户写作成绩数据分析,考满分老师为大家提供了 E-rater 与真实考试分数的对应关系,供参考:

原始分数与水平对应关系
(老师会跟进数据并不定期更新)
机评分数 参考成绩
5 - 6 25 分以上
3 - 4 18 - 24 分
1 - 2 17 分以下