NARRATOR：

Now listen to part of a lecture in an education class.

MALE PROFESSOR：

So, I used to teach a class of eight year olds. ... And one problem I sometimes had was getting the kids to raise their hands when they wanted to answer a question—

like lots of teachers, I had the rule that if a student wanted to answer a question,

they needed to raise their hand in the air and wait till I called their name, before speaking.

That gave all the students a chance to participate,

which helped everyone get more out of the discussion.

But some kids had trouble following the rule.

I remember there was one girl,

Sarah, who didn't raise her hand when she wanted to answer a question;

she would just call out the answer.

And this was frustrating for the other children who were waiting patiently with their hands raised.

So one day when Sarah called out,

I asked her if she knew that calling out was unfair to the other students.

I said to her,

[gently] "Sarah, do you realize that when you call out answers without raising your hand,

you're not being fair to the other students,

you're not giving them a chance to answer questions, too?"

And I didn't wait for her to answer, I just continued teaching the class.

And after that, anytime I asked the class a question,

Sarah didn't call out the answer;

she raised her hand along with everyone else.