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This is Scientific American 60-Second Science. I'm Cynthia Graber. Got a minute?

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Sewers are a marvel.

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They allow us to live close together without cities turning into smelly, disease-spreading swamps.

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In a sewer's anaerobic conditions, common sulfate compounds are reduced by bacteria to hydrogen sulfide, the source of that rotten egg smell.

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And hydrogen sulfide when exposed to air forms sulfuric acid.

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Which eats away at concrete.

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The result: crumbling sewers.

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The response has been to try to remove sulfide from sewage water.

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But researchers in Australia asked a different question: where does the original sulfate come from?

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Turns out much of it is from drinking water treatment.

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Aluminum sulfate is added at most Australian drinking water plants tested to coagulate solids out of the dirty water.

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That process is the source of more than half the resulting sulfates in the sewage.

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Numbers are similar in the U.S.

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The scientists say that by switching to nonsulfate-based coagulants, governments worldwide could save a billion dollars a year in sewer repair costs.

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The research is in the journal Science.

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Today, drinking water is managed separately from sewage treatment.

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A related editorial calls for a holistic approach to water management that looks at the entire water cycle, and helps save sewers in the process.

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Thanks for the minute, for Scientific American 60-Second Science. I'm Cynthia Graber.

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