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1 .This is Scientific American 60-Second Science. I'm Cynthia Graber. Got a minute?
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2 .Sewers are a marvel.
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3 .They allow us to live close together without cities turning into smelly, disease-spreading swamps.
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4 .In a sewer's anaerobic conditions, common sulfate compounds are reduced by bacteria to hydrogen sulfide, the source of that rotten egg smell.
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5 .And hydrogen sulfide when exposed to air forms sulfuric acid.
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6 .Which eats away at concrete.
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7 .The result: crumbling sewers.
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8 .The response has been to try to remove sulfide from sewage water.
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9 .But researchers in Australia asked a different question: where does the original sulfate come from?
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10 .Turns out much of it is from drinking water treatment.
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11 .Aluminum sulfate is added at most Australian drinking water plants tested to coagulate solids out of the dirty water.
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12 .That process is the source of more than half the resulting sulfates in the sewage.
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13 .Numbers are similar in the U.S.
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14 .The scientists say that by switching to nonsulfate-based coagulants, governments worldwide could save a billion dollars a year in sewer repair costs.
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15 .The research is in the journal Science.
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16 .Today, drinking water is managed separately from sewage treatment.
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17 .A related editorial calls for a holistic approach to water management that looks at the entire water cycle, and helps save sewers in the process.
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18 .Thanks for the minute, for Scientific American 60-Second Science. I'm Cynthia Graber.
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