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This is Scientific American 60-Second Science. I'm Christopher Intagliata. Got a minute?

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These days, antibiotics are no silver bullet.

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In fact, if you get them in the hospital, you may end up with an additional infection.

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Like the bug Clostridium difficile, or C.diff,

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which infects more than 300,000 Americans a year and kills some 14,000.

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C.diff flourishes in the post-antibiotic, microbe-free landscape of your gut.

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But there is a way to stop it, a fecal transplant.

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That cocktail of microbes from a healthy person's gut can rein in a C.diff outbreak.

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The question is not eewww?

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It's: what are the transplant's active ingredients?

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Well, one of them appears to be a bacterium called Clostridium scindens.

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Because in past studies, people and mice that harbored C.scindens were protected against a full-blown C.diff infection.

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So researchers dosed mice with the good guy, C.scindens, after a bout of antibiotics.

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And the treatment did indeed ward off C.diff, compared to a cocktail of other microbes, or nothing at all.

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C.scindens makes a living by breaking down bile, the researchers say, and it's those secondary products that seem to inhibit C.diff.

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The findings are in the journal Nature.

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This work could lead to more targeted probiotic treatments.

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But study author Eric Pamer of Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center says it's worth remembering that when it comes to microbes, the sum is often greater than its parts.

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"In some ways I would say this is far more complex than an orchestra, in that there are many more interdependencies,

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and many of which we just don't understand yet, but that are starting to be illuminated by ongoing work."

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Now, at least, we know one of the featured performers.

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Thanks for the minute, for Scientific American's 60-Second Science. I'm Christopher Intagliata.

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This is Scientific American 60-Second Science. I'm Christopher Intagliata. Got a minute?

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These days, antibiotics are no silver bullet.

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In fact, if you get them in the hospital, you may end up with an additional infection.

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Like the bug Clostridium difficile, or C.diff,

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which infects more than 300,000 Americans a year and kills some 14,000.

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C.diff flourishes in the post-antibiotic, microbe-free landscape of your gut.

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But there is a way to stop it, a fecal transplant.

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That cocktail of microbes from a healthy person's gut can rein in a C.diff outbreak.

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The question is not eewww?

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It's: what are the transplant's active ingredients?

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Well, one of them appears to be a bacterium called Clostridium scindens.

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Because in past studies, people and mice that harbored C.scindens were protected against a full-blown C.diff infection.

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So researchers dosed mice with the good guy, C.scindens, after a bout of antibiotics.

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And the treatment did indeed ward off C.diff, compared to a cocktail of other microbes, or nothing at all.

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C.scindens makes a living by breaking down bile, the researchers say, and it's those secondary products that seem to inhibit C.diff.

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The findings are in the journal Nature.

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This work could lead to more targeted probiotic treatments.

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But study author Eric Pamer of Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center says it's worth remembering that when it comes to microbes, the sum is often greater than its parts.

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"In some ways I would say this is far more complex than an orchestra, in that there are many more interdependencies,

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and many of which we just don't understand yet, but that are starting to be illuminated by ongoing work."

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Now, at least, we know one of the featured performers.

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Thanks for the minute, for Scientific American's 60-Second Science. I'm Christopher Intagliata.

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