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This is Scientific American 60-Second Earth. I'm David Biello. Your minute begins now.

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For the first time in human history, more people now live in cities than the countryside,

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a trend of increasing urbanization that is expected to continue.

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Based on data from thousands of cities on everything from number of patents generated to road lengths,

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researchers at the Santa Fe Institute have uncovered the math by which human settlements grow from town to city to metropolis.

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So, for example, a social network between people within the city grows in a mathematical relationship with the increase in the size and quality of infrastructure, such as roads, power lines and the like.

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In essence, the bigger the city, the greater the opportunities,

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but negatives or costs also rise, such as crime or traffic congestion.

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To optimize urban function, the research suggests following policies that allow for a denser web of human connections while minimizing the costs imposed by transportation and energy use.

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The real test of these ideas will be how they stack up against data from the burgeoning cities of the developing world.

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China alone has added hundreds of cities with millions of people in just the last few decades, and wants to add yet more.

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To do it right, city planners will need to brush up on their math.

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Your minute is up, for Scientific American 60-Second Earth. I'm David Biello.

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