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listen to part of a lecture in a history of science class

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the development of computers and the programs needed to run them

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truly took off after about the 1950s

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and there are now countless software programs to make computers carry out different tasks.

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But you might be surprised to learn that the first computer program was written in 1843 by a woman named Ada Lovelace.

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Lovelace was the daughter of the English poet Lord Byron.

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Now, in addition to being famous for his poetry,

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Byron was also known for erratic moods and unpredictable behaviors,

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and he separated from lovelace\'s mother only a few months after their daughter, ADA, was born.

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Lovelace, his mother

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thought that the pursuit of knowledge was essential to an individual\'s development.

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She was highly educated herself,

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and she insisted that her daughter be tutored in mathematics and science from a young age.

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Well, Lovelace quickly showed her proclivity for mathematics,

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and at the age of 17, she met a mathematician named Charles Babbage.

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Babbage acted as a mentor to Lovelace for years.

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When they met, he\'d been building a highly innovative machine that was intended to do something like what modern day calculators do

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automate calculation,

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but this machine\'s capabilities would be relatively limited to equations based on addition,

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but eventually,

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and note, we\'re only talking about the mid-1830s here.

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Babbage turned his thoughts toward a new machine that would be even more sophisticated

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in concept, a computer, the Analytical Engine.

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The analytical engine was designed to do more complex calculations, more advanced equations, multiplication and division for instance,

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the machine would be a huge and complex mechanical system of gears, levers, rods and other moving parts corresponding to numerical digits.

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Babbage\'s plan was to feed punched cards into it,

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cards with patterns of holes punched into them,

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kind of similar to ones used for years with computers in the 20th century,

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depending on the pattern on the cards, different parts of the machine would be engaged.

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The punch cards would provide the directions.

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In other words, the Analytical Engine could be programmed.

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Lovelace studied Babbage\'s plans in depth,

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and in 1840 after Babbage made a presentation on it,

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another mathematician, Luigi manabrea,

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published a paper describing the Analytical Engine in detail.

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Now manabrea wrote his paper in French,

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and love. Lace was asked to translate the paper from French to English. What she did, however, was more than that.

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She added seven lengthy notes to man of Ray\'s paper.

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The notes made the published paper three times longer than the original.

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Most important in these notes, she proposes how the Analytical Engine could be programmed.

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Lovelace described,

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for example, how the Analytical Engine could switch to one set of instructions or another depending on predetermined sets of conditions.

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You know, if X then Y.

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Another thing she described was what today is called looping, a way to repeat a series of instructions over and over.

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She realized also that the engine could manipulate not just numbers, but symbols.

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And symbolic logic is what underpins modern computer programming.

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She even speculated on whether the machine could make decisions on its own based on data it generated,

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use its own data to make decisions that are, you know, in a sense, independent.

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In other words, she theorized about capabilities that we call artificial intelligence, some of which have been achieved today,

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but Lovelace ruled out this idea, arguing that a machine could only do what it was ordered to perform.

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Furthermore, Lovelace wrote out actual instructions for the Analytical Engine to perform complex calculations.

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In other words, she\'d written the very first computer program.

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Normally, these calculations would be laborious to do by hand,

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but the Analytical Engine would, in theory, complete them automatically, following the instruction she had written.

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Now I say in theory because, well,

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the Analytical Engine was never actually built,

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so Lovelace never had the chance to test her program on it.

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As a result, her legacy was largely forgotten until the 1950s

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and developments in computing happened independently of her work.

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But when her notes were rediscovered in the mid-20th century, there was no doubt that her vision was truly revolutionary,

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although people didn\'t take advantage of lovelace\'s programming,

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many of her ideas are realized in modern day computing.

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