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This is Scientific American's 60-Second Science. I'm Karen Hopkin. This'll just take a minute.

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Through the years, evolution has cooked up some pretty remarkable adaptations.

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The finch's beak, the giraffe's neck and sprinter's toes.

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Yes, scientists at Penn State University have found that for runners who ace the 100-yard dash, the thrill of victory may spring from the ankles and the feet.

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When the starting pistol fires, sprinters launch into the race with a burst of acceleration.

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That initial velocity depends, in part, on the length of their toes.

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The scientists examined the feet of a dozen collegiate sprinters and a dozen non-athletes of a similar height.

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They measured foot length and used ultrasound imaging to watch Achilles tendons in action.

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And they found two things.

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First, the sprinters have longer toes.

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That could give them an advantage by allowing them to maintain maximum contact with the ground as they push off the starting block.

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Second, their Achilles tendons have less leverage.

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That might sound bad, but it actually allows their leg muscles to produce greater force.

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So next time you see someone like Olympic champion Usain Bolt whip through a 100-meter sprint in less than 10 seconds,

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remember: his toes are a big part of such an amazing feat.

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Thanks for the minute, for Scientific American's 60-Second Science. I'm Karen Hopkin.

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