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1 .This is Scientific American's 60-Second Science. I'm Karen Hopkin. This'll just take a minute.
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2 .Through the years, evolution has cooked up some pretty remarkable adaptations.
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3 .The finch's beak, the giraffe's neck and sprinter's toes.
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4 .Yes, scientists at Penn State University have found that for runners who ace the 100-yard dash, the thrill of victory may spring from the ankles and the feet.
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5 .When the starting pistol fires, sprinters launch into the race with a burst of acceleration.
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6 .That initial velocity depends, in part, on the length of their toes.
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7 .The scientists examined the feet of a dozen collegiate sprinters and a dozen non-athletes of a similar height.
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8 .They measured foot length and used ultrasound imaging to watch Achilles tendons in action.
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9 .And they found two things.
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10 .First, the sprinters have longer toes.
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11 .That could give them an advantage by allowing them to maintain maximum contact with the ground as they push off the starting block.
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12 .Second, their Achilles tendons have less leverage.
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13 .That might sound bad, but it actually allows their leg muscles to produce greater force.
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14 .So next time you see someone like Olympic champion Usain Bolt whip through a 100-meter sprint in less than 10 seconds,
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15 .remember: his toes are a big part of such an amazing feat.
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16 .Thanks for the minute, for Scientific American's 60-Second Science. I'm Karen Hopkin.
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