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This is Scientific American 60-Second Science. I'm Sophie Bushwick. Got a minute?

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About 5,000 years ago in Peru, culture kicked into high gear.

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During what's called the Late Archaic Period, South Americans formed permanent communities with complex architecture, religion and agriculture.

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And now scientists have shown that maize played a big part in this development.

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The study is in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

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For decades, researchers have argued about whether corn was a dietary staple in the Late Archaic.

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The answer, it turns out, was hidden in the turf, tools and toilets of 13 archaeological sites along the coast of Peru.

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Of 126 soil samples dating back to the Late Archaic, 48 percent contained maize pollen.

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Of 14 stone tools found at one site, 79 percent still carried traces of maize.

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And finally, scientists analyzed 62 human and canine coprolites, or fossilized feces.

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Maize was the dominant starch, present in 69 percent of the ancient samples.

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Some of the evidence is literally crap,

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but the conclusion isn't: a corny dietary staple helped drive the growth of civilization in the Late Archaic.

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Thanks for the minute, for Scientific American 60-Second Science. I'm Sophie Bushwick.

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