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This is Scientific American's 60-Second Science. I'm Karen Hopkin. This'll just take a minute.

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Taste may be the least understood of our five senses.

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Even basic questions, like where do taste buds come from, remained mysterious. Until now.

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In a study published in the journal Stem Cell, scientists have identified the elusive "parental" cell that give rise to the daughter cells responsible for taste.

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Taste buds are made of clusters of taste cells, which contain the receptors for sweet, salty, sour, bitter and umami.

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They're concentrated in the bumpy papillae that cover the tongue's surface.

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But taste buds are not static structures.

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Their resident taste cells live only about two weeks before being replaced by newborn baby taste cells.

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After all, a pizza burn is not permanent.

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But no one knew the address of the taste cell nursery.

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To track it down, scientists scanned the tongue for cells that produce the same marker protein as the body's other stem cells,

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which give rise to our other specialized cells.

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The researchers discovered a reservoir of stem cells that line the trenches around the papillae at the back of the tongue.

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These stem cells can produce all of the different taste cell types,

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and so allow us to savor all of life's flavors.

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Thanks for the minute, for Scientific American's 60-Second Science. I'm Karen Hopkin.

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