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This is Scientific American 60-Second Earth. I'm David Biello. Your minute begins now.

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Without industrially created fertilizer, one third of the world's population would starve to death.

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Since Fritz Haber and Carl Bosch came up with a way a century ago to wrest nitrogen from the air and turn it into fertilizer for plants, food supplies have exploded.

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But a lot of fertilizer applied to cropland simply washes off and fertilizes blooms of algae instead.

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When the bloom dies, other microbes move in to feast, in the process sucking all the oxygen out of the surrounding waters.

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The result: dead zones that lay waste to any sea life that could not flee.

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And such dead zones are proliferating.

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Now research shows that a vast store of nitrogen is waiting in the soil to create new dead zones for decades to come.

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French scientists traced nitrogen fertilizer and found that roughly 15 percent of the nitrogen applied in 1982 was still sitting in the soil today.

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Their report is in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

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The research suggests that existing soil nitrogen could continue to flow to the sea for decades.

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A good reminder that our actions today have environmental consequences that our grandchildren will have to deal with.

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Your minute is up, for Scientific American 60-Second Earth. I'm David Biello.

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