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1 .This is Scientific American 60-Second Earth. I'm David Biello. Your minute begins now.
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2 .Without industrially created fertilizer, one third of the world's population would starve to death.
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3 .Since Fritz Haber and Carl Bosch came up with a way a century ago to wrest nitrogen from the air and turn it into fertilizer for plants, food supplies have exploded.
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4 .But a lot of fertilizer applied to cropland simply washes off and fertilizes blooms of algae instead.
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5 .When the bloom dies, other microbes move in to feast, in the process sucking all the oxygen out of the surrounding waters.
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6 .The result: dead zones that lay waste to any sea life that could not flee.
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7 .And such dead zones are proliferating.
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8 .Now research shows that a vast store of nitrogen is waiting in the soil to create new dead zones for decades to come.
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9 .French scientists traced nitrogen fertilizer and found that roughly 15 percent of the nitrogen applied in 1982 was still sitting in the soil today.
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10 .Their report is in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
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11 .The research suggests that existing soil nitrogen could continue to flow to the sea for decades.
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12 .A good reminder that our actions today have environmental consequences that our grandchildren will have to deal with.
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13 .Your minute is up, for Scientific American 60-Second Earth. I'm David Biello.
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