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This is Scientific American 60-Second Science. I'm Cynthia Graber. Got a minute?

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Everybody eats. and consumers increasingly try to consider the environmental effects of their food choices.

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For example, if you want to eat meat, how do your choices compare?

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That's what a group of researchers set out to discover.

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And they found that raising one animal is dramatically more environmentally draining than all the others: cows.

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The research is in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

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The scientists noted the challenge in accessing data and creating metrics that can be compared across livestock and to potato, wheat and rice production.

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They settled on national data from the U.S.Departments of Agriculture, the Interior and Energy.

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The team calculated the production costs by assessing land area, water needs and fertilizer.

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They also analyzed greenhouse gas emissions.

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Producing pork, poultry, eggs and dairy were between two and six times less efficient than growing potatoes, wheat and rice.

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And in the current agricultural system, beef uses 28 times more land, 11 times more water and 6 times more fertilizer than the average of the other categories of livestock.

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Cattle ranching also creates five times more greenhouse gas emissions.

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The researchers hope this data will help consumers make informed choices and policy makers create systems that can reduce the environmental costs of what we eat.

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Thanks for the minute, for Scientific American's 60-Second Science.I'm Cynthia Graber.

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