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This is Scientific American 60-Second Science. I'm Arielle Duhaime-Ross. Got a minute?

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The lone wolf's howl has long been chosen as a symbol of melancholy and loss.

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Now researchers have demonstrated that the choice was accurate.

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Howling is not related to the stress level of the crying canine or the dominance status of the departing wolf;

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the best predictor of a wolf's howl is the closeness of the howler's relationship with the wolf leaving its side.

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The study is in the journal Current Biology.

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The researchers separated individuals living in Austria's Wolf Science Center.

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They recorded the resulting howls for 20 minutes after separation.

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Then the scientists took a sample of saliva from the howling wolves to measure circulating levels of cortisol, a hormonal stress indicator.

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Cortisol levels increased during all separations, whether a preferred partner or any other pack mate was taken away.

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But howling was much more pronounced when a close partner was removed.

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The researchers thus concluded that the level of howling was determined by the relationship of the howler with the separated wolf, regardless of the removed wolf's rank.

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Because even a wolf, apparently, can have a best friend.

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Thanks for the minute, for Scientific American 60-Second Science.I'm Arielle Duhaime-Ross.

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