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1 .This is Scientific American 60-Second Science. I'm Arielle Duhaime-Ross. Got a minute?
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2 .The lone wolf's howl has long been chosen as a symbol of melancholy and loss.
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3 .Now researchers have demonstrated that the choice was accurate.
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4 .Howling is not related to the stress level of the crying canine or the dominance status of the departing wolf;
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5 .the best predictor of a wolf's howl is the closeness of the howler's relationship with the wolf leaving its side.
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6 .The study is in the journal Current Biology.
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7 .The researchers separated individuals living in Austria's Wolf Science Center.
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8 .They recorded the resulting howls for 20 minutes after separation.
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9 .Then the scientists took a sample of saliva from the howling wolves to measure circulating levels of cortisol, a hormonal stress indicator.
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10 .Cortisol levels increased during all separations, whether a preferred partner or any other pack mate was taken away.
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11 .But howling was much more pronounced when a close partner was removed.
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12 .The researchers thus concluded that the level of howling was determined by the relationship of the howler with the separated wolf, regardless of the removed wolf's rank.
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13 .Because even a wolf, apparently, can have a best friend.
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14 .Thanks for the minute, for Scientific American 60-Second Science.I'm Arielle Duhaime-Ross.
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