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This is Scientific American's 60-Second Science. I'm Sophie Bushwick. Got a minute?

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People with asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and other breathing disorders need fast relief when their airways tighten up.

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Unfortunately, the most commonly used medication has obnoxious side effects.

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But scientists recently discovered that a bitter taste can be a more effective treatment—and now they know why.

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The work is published in PLoS Biology.

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When an asthma attack hits, the airway shrinks and makes breathing difficult.

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To keep air flowing, the sufferer must take medication to relax the passage's muscles and open it back up.

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But a couple years ago, researchers discovered airways contain bitter taste receptors like the ones on the tongue.

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After exposure to bitter substances, the receptors can expand the airway more quickly and more effectively than the most commonly used treatment.

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Researchers examined airway tissue to learn why bitterness makes the muscles relax.

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During an asthma attack, calcium flows into the cells of the airway and contributes to muscle contraction.

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But bitter substances block the channels that allow calcium into cells, which relaxes the tightened tissue. And that's the opposite of a bitter pill.

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Thanks for the minute, for Scientific American's 60-Second Science. I'm Sophie Bushwick.

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