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1 .This is Scientific American's 60-Second Science. I'm Sophie Bushwick. Got a minute?
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2 .People with asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and other breathing disorders need fast relief when their airways tighten up.
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3 .Unfortunately, the most commonly used medication has obnoxious side effects.
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4 .But scientists recently discovered that a bitter taste can be a more effective treatment—and now they know why.
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5 .The work is published in PLoS Biology.
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6 .When an asthma attack hits, the airway shrinks and makes breathing difficult.
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7 .To keep air flowing, the sufferer must take medication to relax the passage's muscles and open it back up.
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8 .But a couple years ago, researchers discovered airways contain bitter taste receptors like the ones on the tongue.
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9 .After exposure to bitter substances, the receptors can expand the airway more quickly and more effectively than the most commonly used treatment.
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10 .Researchers examined airway tissue to learn why bitterness makes the muscles relax.
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11 .During an asthma attack, calcium flows into the cells of the airway and contributes to muscle contraction.
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12 .But bitter substances block the channels that allow calcium into cells, which relaxes the tightened tissue. And that's the opposite of a bitter pill.
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13 .Thanks for the minute, for Scientific American's 60-Second Science. I'm Sophie Bushwick.
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