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This is Scientific American's 60-Second Space. I'm John Matson. Got a minute?

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Billions of years ago the universe was a star-forming machine.

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Some galaxies were churning out a star every few hours.

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But today the Milky Way produces maybe a couple of stars annually.

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Now a study shows that the busy period of star formation was in full swing earlier than had been thought.

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Researchers used an observatory still being built to examine dozens of so-called starburst galaxies billions of light-years away.

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The 66 linked dishes of the ALMA telescope array in Chile were inaugurated on March 13.

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But even a beta version with 16 dishes was able to peer deep into the history of the universe.

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ALMA measured precise redshifts, or cosmic distances, to 18 of the starburst galaxies.

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Ten of those turned out to have redshifts greater than 4, meaning that the light from the galaxies took more than 12 billion years to reach us.

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The study is in the journal Nature.

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On average the starbursts were much farther away than similar, previously known objects.

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So the new study shows that vigorous bursts of star formation were already happening just a billion years after the Big Bang.

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Proving that our universe was a precocious youth.

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Thanks for the minute, for Scientific American's 60-Second Space. I'm John Matson.

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