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1 .This is Scientific American's 60-Second Space. I'm John Matson. Got a minute?
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2 .Billions of years ago the universe was a star-forming machine.
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3 .Some galaxies were churning out a star every few hours.
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4 .But today the Milky Way produces maybe a couple of stars annually.
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5 .Now a study shows that the busy period of star formation was in full swing earlier than had been thought.
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6 .Researchers used an observatory still being built to examine dozens of so-called starburst galaxies billions of light-years away.
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7 .The 66 linked dishes of the ALMA telescope array in Chile were inaugurated on March 13.
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8 .But even a beta version with 16 dishes was able to peer deep into the history of the universe.
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9 .ALMA measured precise redshifts, or cosmic distances, to 18 of the starburst galaxies.
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10 .Ten of those turned out to have redshifts greater than 4, meaning that the light from the galaxies took more than 12 billion years to reach us.
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11 .The study is in the journal Nature.
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12 .On average the starbursts were much farther away than similar, previously known objects.
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13 .So the new study shows that vigorous bursts of star formation were already happening just a billion years after the Big Bang.
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14 .Proving that our universe was a precocious youth.
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15 .Thanks for the minute, for Scientific American's 60-Second Space. I'm John Matson.
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