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段落1

This is Scientific American 60-Second Science. I'm Cynthia Graber. Got a minute?

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Humans have historically seen large carnivores such as wolves and bears as threats to our livelihoods, or lives.

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They might, say, eat our sheep. Or our family.

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So, as the human population has grown, the numbers of large carnivores has generally plummeted.

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Which has unfortunate consequences.

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For example, without wolves in the northeast, ubiquitous deer spread disease and cause traffic accidents.

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But there's good news out of Europe, some large carnivores are rebounding.

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The finding is in the journal Science.

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Researchers evaluated populations of brown bears, Eurasian lynx, grey wolves and wolverines in mainland Europe, not including Russia, Belarus and Ukraine.

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They found that a third of the remaining area has at least one large carnivore species.

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Scandinavia hosts all four species.

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And the numbers are generally either stable or increasing.

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Interestingly, most of the carnivores are found outside protected conservation areas.

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A variety of reasons accounts for the success story.

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European laws protect carnivores, and larger open tracts of land host increasing prey.

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Stable political systems make it easier to enforce the laws.

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And older traditions of protecting livestock via guard dogs, fences and shepherds have been supplemented by nonlethal electric fences.

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The researchers say the study shows that carnivores and humans can live together in much greater densities.

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They note that the area examined has doubled the human population density of the U.S.

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But it also has twice as many wolves.

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The better to keep the deer in check.

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Thanks for the minute, for Scientific American 60-Second Science. I'm Cynthia Graber.

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