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This is Scientific American 60-Second Science. I'm Christopher Intagliata. Got a minute?

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Every day, the largest mass migration on the planet happens in the world's oceans.

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Tiny fish, jellies and shrimpy things feed at the water's surface by night.

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And by day, they hide in darker waters a few hundred meters below.

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"The ocean is a dangerous place, and so swimming down to depth is your best bet to avoid predators."

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Daniele Bianchi, an oceanographer at the University of Washington.

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Bianchi and his team tracked these ocean migrations with sonar data.

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And they found that the creatures descend to areas of deep water where certain species of bacteria hang out.

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Those bacteria snack on nutrients that float down from the surface, so-called "marine snow."

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But Bianchi says the migrating creatures may also deliver food to the bacteria in the form of ammonia in the creatures' urine.

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The bacteria metabolize the ammonia to produce energy and nitrogen gas,

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effectively removing the nitrogen from the food chain, and sending it in gaseous form back into the atmosphere.

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Then other bacteria fix that nitrogen gas back into food chains on land and in the ocean where it eventually finds its way into amino acids.

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Some of which make up the proteins in us.

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The findings appear in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

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"There are about 20 times more of these tiny fish than there are humans on the planet."

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Meaning that these miniscule creatures could play an important role in the ocean's nitrogen cycle, Daniele says, simply by taking a leak.

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Thanks for the minute, for Scientific American's 60-Second Science. I'm Christopher Intagliata.

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