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1 .This is Scientific American 60-Second Science. I'm Christopher Intagliata. Got a minute?
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2 .Every day, the largest mass migration on the planet happens in the world's oceans.
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3 .Tiny fish, jellies and shrimpy things feed at the water's surface by night.
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4 .And by day, they hide in darker waters a few hundred meters below.
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5 ."The ocean is a dangerous place, and so swimming down to depth is your best bet to avoid predators."
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6 .Daniele Bianchi, an oceanographer at the University of Washington.
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7 .Bianchi and his team tracked these ocean migrations with sonar data.
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8 .And they found that the creatures descend to areas of deep water where certain species of bacteria hang out.
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9 .Those bacteria snack on nutrients that float down from the surface, so-called "marine snow."
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10 .But Bianchi says the migrating creatures may also deliver food to the bacteria in the form of ammonia in the creatures' urine.
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11 .The bacteria metabolize the ammonia to produce energy and nitrogen gas,
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12 .effectively removing the nitrogen from the food chain, and sending it in gaseous form back into the atmosphere.
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13 .Then other bacteria fix that nitrogen gas back into food chains on land and in the ocean where it eventually finds its way into amino acids.
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14 .Some of which make up the proteins in us.
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15 .The findings appear in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
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16 ."There are about 20 times more of these tiny fish than there are humans on the planet."
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17 .Meaning that these miniscule creatures could play an important role in the ocean's nitrogen cycle, Daniele says, simply by taking a leak.
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18 .Thanks for the minute, for Scientific American's 60-Second Science. I'm Christopher Intagliata.
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