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This is Scientific American's 60-Second Science. I'm Wayt Gibbs. Got a minute?

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If you want to see evolution at work, visit a hospital.

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Inside a sick patient, antibiotics wipe out infectious bacteria by the millions.

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But germs are always mutating.

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A few adapt to resist the drug, so they survive and spread.

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Such antibiotic-resistant bacteria infect two million Americans every year; they kill 23,000.

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In this arms race between medicine and evolution, evolution is winning.

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But could we turn evolution against bacteria?

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It turns out that when bacteria mutate to become resistant to one antibiotic, they often become more vulnerable to a different drug.

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So maybe after a jab with the left, a roundhouse to the right will deliver a knockout blow.

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To test this idea, researchers in Denmark dosed batches of E.coli with 23 different antibiotics, and waited for resistance to evolve.

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In three-quarters of the cases, the mutant germs became more susceptible to a second drug.

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The work appears in the journal Science Translational Medicine.

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One particular combination of widely used antibiotics—gentamicin, then cefuroxime, then gentamicin again, and so on,

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looks like it could hold the bugs at bay indefinitely.

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Thanks for the minute, for Scientific American's 60-Second Science. I'm Wayt Gibbs.

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