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段落1

This is Scientific American 60-Second Science. I'm Christopher Intagliata. Got a minute?

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When you think endangered species, which come to mind? Tigers? Pandas?Gorillas?

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I'm guessing what probably does not are Hawaiian land snails.

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Yet a new analysis in the journal Conservation Biology suggests that some 95 percent of known Hawaiian land snails could already be gone.

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"So that's a horrible level of extinction."

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Robert Cowie, a biologist at the University of Hawaii.

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Cowie and his colleagues came up with the 95 percent figure by convening the world's foremost experts on Hawaiian land snails,

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that is, the dozen or so scientists and naturalists who study the creatures.

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Through a series of interviews and hundreds of field surveys of the islands, they took their best guess as to whether each of the 325 documented species still existed.

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They think only 15 are still alive, leaving 310 in the "probably extinct" category.

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There is an organization that officially counts this stuff: the International Union for Conservation of Nature.

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But the Union lists only 33 of the 325 species as extinct, a gross underestimate, in Cowie's view.

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And therein lies the problem, he says.

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Invertebrates, including snails, make up the lion's share of the world's biodiversity.

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But there's hardly anyone to catalogue it.

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"It's a tiny, tiny number of people relative to the vast extent of invertebrate biodiversity."

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And to get an organism onto official endangered lists, you need data to document its disappearance.

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Data that just aren't there for many invertebrates, due to the labor shortage.

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"In my more cynical, negative days I throw up my hands and say, why do we even bother?

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Because we're not going to be able to halt this, to turn around this process.

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But if you care about this you just can't give up."

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And this approach, he says, an almost folkloric reconstruction of what's out there, may be the only way to fully understand the species we're losing.

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Before they're known only from fossils.

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Thanks for the minute, for Scientific American 60-Second Science.I'm Christopher Intagliata.

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