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1 .This is Scientific American 60-Second Science. I'm Christopher Intagliata. Got a minute?
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2 .When you think endangered species, which come to mind? Tigers? Pandas?Gorillas?
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3 .I'm guessing what probably does not are Hawaiian land snails.
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4 .Yet a new analysis in the journal Conservation Biology suggests that some 95 percent of known Hawaiian land snails could already be gone.
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5 ."So that's a horrible level of extinction."
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6 .Robert Cowie, a biologist at the University of Hawaii.
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7 .Cowie and his colleagues came up with the 95 percent figure by convening the world's foremost experts on Hawaiian land snails,
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8 .that is, the dozen or so scientists and naturalists who study the creatures.
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9 .Through a series of interviews and hundreds of field surveys of the islands, they took their best guess as to whether each of the 325 documented species still existed.
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10 .They think only 15 are still alive, leaving 310 in the "probably extinct" category.
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11 .There is an organization that officially counts this stuff: the International Union for Conservation of Nature.
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12 .But the Union lists only 33 of the 325 species as extinct, a gross underestimate, in Cowie's view.
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13 .And therein lies the problem, he says.
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14 .Invertebrates, including snails, make up the lion's share of the world's biodiversity.
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15 .But there's hardly anyone to catalogue it.
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16 ."It's a tiny, tiny number of people relative to the vast extent of invertebrate biodiversity."
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17 .And to get an organism onto official endangered lists, you need data to document its disappearance.
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18 .Data that just aren't there for many invertebrates, due to the labor shortage.
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19 ."In my more cynical, negative days I throw up my hands and say, why do we even bother?
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20 .Because we're not going to be able to halt this, to turn around this process.
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21 .But if you care about this you just can't give up."
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22 .And this approach, he says, an almost folkloric reconstruction of what's out there, may be the only way to fully understand the species we're losing.
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23 .Before they're known only from fossils.
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24 .Thanks for the minute, for Scientific American 60-Second Science.I'm Christopher Intagliata.
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