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This is Scientific American's 60-Second Space. I'm Clara Moskowitz. Got a minute?

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If Martians exist, even the microbial sort, they probably need liquid water.

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Temperatures on the surface of the red planet are below freezing, but signs exist that water flowed in the past,

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and perhaps still does, thanks to a Martian version of anti-freeze.

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Salts lower the freezing point of water, as anyone knows who's thrown salt on an icy sidewalk.

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And both NASA's Phoenix and Curiosity missions found salts called perchlorates sprinkled around the Martian surface.

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To see how perchlorates might act on Mars, researchers recreated the pressure, humidity and temperature of the planet inside a metal cylinder.

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They put a thin layer of perchlorates on top of water ice inside the chamber.

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Within minutes, droplets of liquid water formed, even at minus 100 degrees Fahrenheit.

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Some scientists thought perchlorates might condense water vapor from the atmosphere.

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But within the cylinder, no liquid water formed in the presence of salts, either alone or on Mars-like soil, unless ice was present too.

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The study is in the journal Geophysical Research Letters.

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The finding study could explain mysterious globules seen on the leg of the Phoenix in 2008.

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The lander may have been dotted with drops of otherworldly water.

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Thanks for the minute, for Scientific American's 60-Second Space. I'm Clara Moskowitz.

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