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This is Scientific American 60-Second Science. I'm Sophie Bushwick.Got a minute?

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It takes a Y chromosome to make a man.

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But that doesn't mean its counterpart, the X chromosome, plays no part.

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In fact, it has a big role in making sperm.

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To study X evolution, researchers first sequenced the human chromosome more accurately than ever before.

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Then they compared the code to that of a mammal whose evolutionary lineage split from ours about 80 million years ago: the mouse.

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It turns out that humans and mice share 95 percent of their X genes.

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This finding was no surprise.

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In the 1960s, biologist Susumu Ohno suggested the X chromosome would evolve slowly, and thus remain similar in most mammalian species.

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But some things did change over evolutionary time.

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Or rather, 144 things.

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One-hundred-forty-four human X chromosome genes had no counterparts in mice.

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And these genes seemed to be constantly developing.

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Many of the genes remained dormant in females, only becoming active in tissues involved in sperm production.

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The study is in the journal Nature Genetics.

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Clearly, the X chromosome Xceeds its feminine responsibilities.

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Which is Xcellent news for male fertility.

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Thanks for the minute, for Scientific American 60-Second Science.I'm Sophie Bushwic.

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