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1 .This is Scientific American 60-Second Science. I'm Sophie Bushwick.Got a minute?
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2 .It takes a Y chromosome to make a man.
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3 .But that doesn't mean its counterpart, the X chromosome, plays no part.
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4 .In fact, it has a big role in making sperm.
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5 .To study X evolution, researchers first sequenced the human chromosome more accurately than ever before.
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6 .Then they compared the code to that of a mammal whose evolutionary lineage split from ours about 80 million years ago: the mouse.
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7 .It turns out that humans and mice share 95 percent of their X genes.
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8 .This finding was no surprise.
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9 .In the 1960s, biologist Susumu Ohno suggested the X chromosome would evolve slowly, and thus remain similar in most mammalian species.
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10 .But some things did change over evolutionary time.
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11 .Or rather, 144 things.
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12 .One-hundred-forty-four human X chromosome genes had no counterparts in mice.
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13 .And these genes seemed to be constantly developing.
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14 .Many of the genes remained dormant in females, only becoming active in tissues involved in sperm production.
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15 .The study is in the journal Nature Genetics.
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16 .Clearly, the X chromosome Xceeds its feminine responsibilities.
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17 .Which is Xcellent news for male fertility.
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18 .Thanks for the minute, for Scientific American 60-Second Science.I'm Sophie Bushwic.
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