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This is Scientific American's 60-Second Space. I'm John Matson. Got a minute?

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Neutrinos fill the cosmos.

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Trillions of these subatomic particles pass clean through your body every second.

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That's because they rarely interact with solid matter.

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Which is weird enough, but neutrinos are shifty in another way as well.

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Neutrinos come in three flavors, called electron, muon and tau.

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But they are known to be flexible.

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Theory said that a muon neutrino could almost instantly change into an electron neutrino.

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And now the transformation has been empirically verified.

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At an experiment in Japan called T2K, a particle accelerator fires a beam of muon neutrinos at a giant detector on the opposite coast, some 185 miles away.

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In 2011 T2K physicists reported data suggesting that some of the particles had changed identities in flight.

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Now the data are conclusive.

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Without in-flight transformations, only about five incoming neutrinos would be the electron flavor.

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In reality, 28 electron neutrinos arrived.

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Next up for T2K and its competitors is exploring whether neutrinos and their antimatter counterparts change flavors in the same way.

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If they do not, neutrinos may help explain why our universe is made of matter and not antimatter.

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Thanks for the minute, for Scientific American's 60-Second Space. I'm John Matson.

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