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1 .This is Scientific American's 60-Second Space. I'm John Matson. Got a minute?
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2 .Neutrinos fill the cosmos.
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3 .Trillions of these subatomic particles pass clean through your body every second.
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4 .That's because they rarely interact with solid matter.
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5 .Which is weird enough, but neutrinos are shifty in another way as well.
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6 .Neutrinos come in three flavors, called electron, muon and tau.
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7 .But they are known to be flexible.
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8 .Theory said that a muon neutrino could almost instantly change into an electron neutrino.
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9 .And now the transformation has been empirically verified.
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10 .At an experiment in Japan called T2K, a particle accelerator fires a beam of muon neutrinos at a giant detector on the opposite coast, some 185 miles away.
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11 .In 2011 T2K physicists reported data suggesting that some of the particles had changed identities in flight.
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12 .Now the data are conclusive.
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13 .Without in-flight transformations, only about five incoming neutrinos would be the electron flavor.
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14 .In reality, 28 electron neutrinos arrived.
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15 .Next up for T2K and its competitors is exploring whether neutrinos and their antimatter counterparts change flavors in the same way.
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16 .If they do not, neutrinos may help explain why our universe is made of matter and not antimatter.
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17 .Thanks for the minute, for Scientific American's 60-Second Space. I'm John Matson.
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