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This is Scientific American's 60-Second Science. I'm Steve Mirsky.

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"The Nobel Assembly at Karolinska Institute has today decided to award the 2014Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine,

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with one half to John O ?Keefe and the other half jointly to May©\Britt Moser and Edvard I.Moser, for their discoveries of cells that constitute a positioning system in the brain."

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Goran Hansson of the Nobel Committee.

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O'Keefe is at University College London.

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He discovered the so-called "place cells" in the hippocampus in 1971.

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The married Mosers are at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology in Trondheim.

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In 2005 they found the other component of the brain's inner GPS system, the grid cells.

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Juleen Zierath, chair of the Nobel Committee, explains in terms of visiting Sweden and looking for a landmark, a recovered 17th-century Swedish warship called the Vasa Ship.

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"You're going to go visit an exciting city like Stockholm.

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And you've never been there before.

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And so, the first thing you do is you take a map from the hotel.

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And you're going to help your family find the Vasa Ship.

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So you have landmarks on the map.

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It could be the city hall, it could be the concert house, it could be the palace, and the Vasa Ship.

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Those are like your place cells, because as you pass those landmarks, they recognize your place in space.

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"The other thing you need on that map is longitude and latitude.

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You need to find a way to navigate to the Vasa Ship in a very efficient way.

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And the grid cells function like that navigational chart.

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They help you judge your distance and help you find your way.

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"The remarkable thing is that we don't need to have the map in our hands.

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We have these maps in our brain.

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And so I would describe it that way.

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Thanks to our grid and place cells, we don't have to walk around with a map to help us find our way each time we visit a city, because we have that map in our head."

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For a more in-depth listen about the 2014 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, look for the Scientific American Science Talk podcast later this morning.

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For the minute, for Scientific American's 60-Second Science. I'm Steve Mirsky.

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