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1 .This is Scientific American's 60-Second Science. I'm Steve Mirsky.
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2 ."The Nobel Assembly at Karolinska Institute has today decided to award the 2014Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine,
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3 .with one half to John O ?Keefe and the other half jointly to May©\Britt Moser and Edvard I.Moser, for their discoveries of cells that constitute a positioning system in the brain."
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4 .Goran Hansson of the Nobel Committee.
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5 .O'Keefe is at University College London.
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6 .He discovered the so-called "place cells" in the hippocampus in 1971.
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7 .The married Mosers are at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology in Trondheim.
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8 .In 2005 they found the other component of the brain's inner GPS system, the grid cells.
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9 .Juleen Zierath, chair of the Nobel Committee, explains in terms of visiting Sweden and looking for a landmark, a recovered 17th-century Swedish warship called the Vasa Ship.
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10 ."You're going to go visit an exciting city like Stockholm.
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11 .And you've never been there before.
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12 .And so, the first thing you do is you take a map from the hotel.
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13 .And you're going to help your family find the Vasa Ship.
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14 .So you have landmarks on the map.
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15 .It could be the city hall, it could be the concert house, it could be the palace, and the Vasa Ship.
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16 .Those are like your place cells, because as you pass those landmarks, they recognize your place in space.
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17 ."The other thing you need on that map is longitude and latitude.
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18 .You need to find a way to navigate to the Vasa Ship in a very efficient way.
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19 .And the grid cells function like that navigational chart.
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20 .They help you judge your distance and help you find your way.
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21 ."The remarkable thing is that we don't need to have the map in our hands.
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22 .We have these maps in our brain.
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23 .And so I would describe it that way.
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24 .Thanks to our grid and place cells, we don't have to walk around with a map to help us find our way each time we visit a city, because we have that map in our head."
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25 .For a more in-depth listen about the 2014 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, look for the Scientific American Science Talk podcast later this morning.
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26 .For the minute, for Scientific American's 60-Second Science. I'm Steve Mirsky.
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