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This is Scientific American 60-Second Science. I'm Cynthia Graber. Got a minute?

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Genetically engineered bacteria already produce some products of commercial interest or biomedical importance, such as insulin.

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And coaxing the organisms to do so can be done with a cleaner setup and produce fewer environmentally problematic byproducts than other production methods.

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But the bacterial approach has stayed limited to just a few products, due to inefficiencies.

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Now a research team at Harvard's Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering says they've developed a system to get microbes to produce chemicals dramatically faster and more efficiently.

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The technique uses Darwinian principles over multiple iterations, what they call rounds of evolution.

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The study is in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

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The researchers induced mutations in specific genes related to the expression of the desired molecule.

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They then tweaked the bacteria so that genes for antibiotic resistance only become active when the cells make some of the sought-after product.

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With antibiotics present, cells die that do not produce enough of the product.

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Because those cells also do not have the life-saving resistance to the antibiotics.

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The surviving cells, however, show promise.

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The system takes the cells through this evolutionary cycle repeatedly, eliminating unproductive bacteria each time.

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The end result: microbes that synthesize the chemical of interest with 30 times the output of current bacterial compounds production systems, and up to a thousand times faster.

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The researchers say their program could work to efficiently produce for a wide variety of useful compounds.

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Which might make vats of modified bacteria tomorrow's leaders of commercial chemical manufacturing.

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Thanks for the minute, for Scientific American 60-Second Science. I'm Cynthia Graber.

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