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1 .This is Scientific American 60-Second Science. I'm Cynthia Graber. Got a minute?
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2 .Genetically engineered bacteria already produce some products of commercial interest or biomedical importance, such as insulin.
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3 .And coaxing the organisms to do so can be done with a cleaner setup and produce fewer environmentally problematic byproducts than other production methods.
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4 .But the bacterial approach has stayed limited to just a few products, due to inefficiencies.
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5 .Now a research team at Harvard's Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering says they've developed a system to get microbes to produce chemicals dramatically faster and more efficiently.
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6 .The technique uses Darwinian principles over multiple iterations, what they call rounds of evolution.
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7 .The study is in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
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8 .The researchers induced mutations in specific genes related to the expression of the desired molecule.
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9 .They then tweaked the bacteria so that genes for antibiotic resistance only become active when the cells make some of the sought-after product.
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10 .With antibiotics present, cells die that do not produce enough of the product.
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11 .Because those cells also do not have the life-saving resistance to the antibiotics.
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12 .The surviving cells, however, show promise.
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13 .The system takes the cells through this evolutionary cycle repeatedly, eliminating unproductive bacteria each time.
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14 .The end result: microbes that synthesize the chemical of interest with 30 times the output of current bacterial compounds production systems, and up to a thousand times faster.
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15 .The researchers say their program could work to efficiently produce for a wide variety of useful compounds.
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16 .Which might make vats of modified bacteria tomorrow's leaders of commercial chemical manufacturing.
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17 .Thanks for the minute, for Scientific American 60-Second Science. I'm Cynthia Graber.
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