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This is Scientific American 60-Second Science, I'm Christopher Intagliata. Got a minute?

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It may not be the legendary matchup squid vs octopus, but imagine this fight: sea-dwelling cone snail versus tiny fish!

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Who wins?

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Well, true, the fish can dart away.

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But the snail has chemical weapons.

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"So they use a whole cocktail of compounds and most of them are neurotoxins and they just completely wipe out the prey's physiology, right, so they prey cannot respond anymore."

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Helena Safavi, a biologist at the University of Utah.

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She and her colleagues discovered that the cone snail's venom contains not only neurotoxins, but insulin, too,

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which the snail's prey take in through their gills.

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And that insulin overdose causes the fish's blood sugar to plummet, depriving its brain of energy, and inducing a coma.

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"And that's what happens when you give people an insulin overdose, you can cause coma and then death depending on the amount of insulin."

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They report the findings in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

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If this all sounds like something out of a murder mystery... well, it is.

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The paper actually cites the Claus von Bulow trials in the 1980s.

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"Claus von Bulow injected his wife with insulin.

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And as a consequence of that, she went into insulin shock.

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And ended up in an irreversible coma.

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That was the prosecution theory.

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But proving it to a jury would be a struggle"

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Von Bulow was ultimately found not guilty.

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But in this evolutionary struggle between snail and fish¡ it's now clear who done it. And how.

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Thanks for the minute, for Scientific American's 60-Second Science. I'm Christopher Intagliata.

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