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This is Scientific American 60-Second Science. I'm Christopher Intagliata. Got a minute?

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Saturn's largest moon, Titan, has a thick atmosphere. Clouds. Complex organic molecules.

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NASA has called it "one of the most Earth-like worlds we have found to date."

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With one glaring exception.

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"It's awfully cold down there.

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It's about 94 degrees Kelvin.

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Which means that water would be a rock."

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Paulette Clancy, a chemical engineer at Cornell University.

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At temperatures that cold, minus 290 degrees Fahrenheit, one of the most basic biological structures, the cell membrane, can't exist.

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Because to form, the oily membranes depend on the presence of liquid water.

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That said, Titan does have plenty of liquid to go around, but it's liquid methane.

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So Clancy and her colleagues used computer models to determine whether any molecules on Titan might mimic the membrane-forming compounds here on Earth.

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Based on a catalogue of organics observed by NASA's Cassini mission, they found a candidate: acrylonitrile.

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Its internal electrical charge distribution would allow it to self-assemble into membranes, just like phospholipids do here on Earth.

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It's similarly flexible and stable.

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And there's a lot of it on Titan.

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The findings are in the journal Science Advances.

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Of course just because a cell membrane could form, does not mean it will.

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And actual life is a good deal more complicated than just a membrane.

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Still, Clancy says we might do well to expand the search for life beyond just places with liquid water.

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"I think we tend to look for things that we know and understand.

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If we were more broad-minded we might find different kinds of life elsewhere.

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And maybe that would be fascinating too.”

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Thanks for the minute, for Scientific American 60-Second Science. I'm Christopher Intagliata.

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