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1 .This is Scientific American 60-Second Science. I'm Christopher Intagliata. Got a minute?
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2 .Saturn's largest moon, Titan, has a thick atmosphere. Clouds. Complex organic molecules.
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3 .NASA has called it "one of the most Earth-like worlds we have found to date."
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4 .With one glaring exception.
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5 ."It's awfully cold down there.
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6 .It's about 94 degrees Kelvin.
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7 .Which means that water would be a rock."
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8 .Paulette Clancy, a chemical engineer at Cornell University.
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9 .At temperatures that cold, minus 290 degrees Fahrenheit, one of the most basic biological structures, the cell membrane, can't exist.
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10 .Because to form, the oily membranes depend on the presence of liquid water.
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11 .That said, Titan does have plenty of liquid to go around, but it's liquid methane.
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12 .So Clancy and her colleagues used computer models to determine whether any molecules on Titan might mimic the membrane-forming compounds here on Earth.
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13 .Based on a catalogue of organics observed by NASA's Cassini mission, they found a candidate: acrylonitrile.
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14 .Its internal electrical charge distribution would allow it to self-assemble into membranes, just like phospholipids do here on Earth.
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15 .It's similarly flexible and stable.
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16 .And there's a lot of it on Titan.
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17 .The findings are in the journal Science Advances.
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18 .Of course just because a cell membrane could form, does not mean it will.
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19 .And actual life is a good deal more complicated than just a membrane.
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20 .Still, Clancy says we might do well to expand the search for life beyond just places with liquid water.
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21 ."I think we tend to look for things that we know and understand.
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22 .If we were more broad-minded we might find different kinds of life elsewhere.
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23 .And maybe that would be fascinating too.”
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24 .Thanks for the minute, for Scientific American 60-Second Science. I'm Christopher Intagliata.
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