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段落1

This is Scientific American 60-Second Science. I'm Christopher Intagliata. Got a minute?

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Modern European languages tend to share their names with the places they're spoken.

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Swedish: Sweden. German: Germany. And so on.

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But where'd they come from before that?

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Well, one theory is the "Anatolian hypothesis," Anatolia referring roughly to the Asian part of Turkey.

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"So the proposal was that it was agriculturalists from the Near East and present-day Turkey and Cyprus who were bringing agriculture to Europe.

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And that this mass movement of people bringing agriculture, also brought languages."

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David Reich, a geneticist at Harvard Medical School.

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The Anatolian hypothesis has languages from the Indo-European family hitting Europe around 8,500 years ago.

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But as with any academic theory, there's a competing idea: the so-called "steppe hypothesis."

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Which says it was herders, not farmers, who galloped in from the grasslands of central Asia five or six thousand years ago, bringing language with them.

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But the steppe hypothesis was lacking for evidence.

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Now Reich and his colleagues have analyzed the DNA found in the remains of 94 ancient Europeans.

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And this molecular evidence does indeed point to a migration from the steppe into central Europe about 4,500 years ago.

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"And it's a massive event, at least three quarters of the population got replaced by people who are never in that part of continental Europe before."

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The finding is in the journal Nature.

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Of course old bones tell us only so much.

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"So genetics is of course silent on the languages people spoke and we'll never be able to figure that out.

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We can only determine migrations occurred."

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But a migration of this scale, he says, surely delivered at least some of Europe's languages.

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"Perhaps the languages spoken in parts of northern Europe today", like the one I'm speaking right now.

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Thanks for the minute, for Scientific American's 60-Second Science. I'm Christopher Intagliata.

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