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1 .This is Scientific American 60-Second Science. I'm Christopher Intagliata. Got a minute?
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2 .Modern European languages tend to share their names with the places they're spoken.
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3 .Swedish: Sweden. German: Germany. And so on.
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4 .But where'd they come from before that?
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5 .Well, one theory is the "Anatolian hypothesis," Anatolia referring roughly to the Asian part of Turkey.
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6 ."So the proposal was that it was agriculturalists from the Near East and present-day Turkey and Cyprus who were bringing agriculture to Europe.
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7 .And that this mass movement of people bringing agriculture, also brought languages."
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8 .David Reich, a geneticist at Harvard Medical School.
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9 .The Anatolian hypothesis has languages from the Indo-European family hitting Europe around 8,500 years ago.
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10 .But as with any academic theory, there's a competing idea: the so-called "steppe hypothesis."
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11 .Which says it was herders, not farmers, who galloped in from the grasslands of central Asia five or six thousand years ago, bringing language with them.
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12 .But the steppe hypothesis was lacking for evidence.
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13 .Now Reich and his colleagues have analyzed the DNA found in the remains of 94 ancient Europeans.
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14 .And this molecular evidence does indeed point to a migration from the steppe into central Europe about 4,500 years ago.
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15 ."And it's a massive event, at least three quarters of the population got replaced by people who are never in that part of continental Europe before."
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16 .The finding is in the journal Nature.
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17 .Of course old bones tell us only so much.
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18 ."So genetics is of course silent on the languages people spoke and we'll never be able to figure that out.
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19 .We can only determine migrations occurred."
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20 .But a migration of this scale, he says, surely delivered at least some of Europe's languages.
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21 ."Perhaps the languages spoken in parts of northern Europe today", like the one I'm speaking right now.
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22 .Thanks for the minute, for Scientific American's 60-Second Science. I'm Christopher Intagliata.
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