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段落1

This is Scientific American 60-Second Science. I'm Sophie Bushwick. Got a minute?

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The Potato Famine in Ireland killed a million people and led to mass emigration.

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The potatoes were destroyed by late blight, caused by the water mold Phytophthora infestans.

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And we now know exactly which strain of the water mold did the dirty work.

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Researchers analyzed dried potato leaves, well over a century old, from Ireland, as well as Europe and North America.

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They were able to sequence the genomes of 11 different strains of blight, and then to compare these older specimens to 15 modern ones.

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Their conclusion: a strain called HERB-1 was responsible for the Irish Great Famine.

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The work is in the journal eLife.

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A strain called US-1 had previously been thought to be the culprit.

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And the two strains are closely related.

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HERB-1 held sway during the 19th century, but with the introduction of new kinds of potatoes in the 20th century, US-1 began to dominate.

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Similar work with other preserved plant specimens could help trace the evolutionary history of other pathogens.

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And assist the ongoing effort to keep our staple crops disease-free.

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Thanks for the minute, for Scientific American 60-Second Science. I'm Sophie Bushwick.

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