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Listen to part of a lecture in an anthropology class.

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Okay, we\'re continuing today with our discussion of the Inuit people of North America.

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We finished up covering their early history through the 18th century, right?

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So let\'s move on to the 19th century.

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Now, of the different groups that are considered part of the Inuit people。

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you remember I mentioned the Mackenzie Inuit last time.

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The Mackenzie Inuit are the ones who live up in northwestern most Canada

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In the 19th century, the most important settlement of the Mackenzie Inuit was kitigaaryuit.

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The settlement of kitigaaryuit, well, it was actually a village.

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Archeological evidence indicates that kitigaaryuit was central to the history and culture of the Mackenzie Inuit.

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It was located on the coast of Arctic Canada, and had an annual whale hunt.

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In the 19th century，it became a trading center for trade between the Mackenzie Inuit and the euro Americans.

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But even though kitigaaryuit holds such an important position in Mackenzie Inuit history.

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we don\'t actually have a thorough understanding of what life was like there back then.

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What we do know about ninth century life in kindergarten comes from three kinds of data.

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One of them is from ethnohistoric sources.

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which are written accounts, documents that were written back in the 19th century.

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Another type of data is from the archeological evidence I mentioned.

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So where else could we get data? Any ideas?

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Interviews with modern Mackenzie Inuit people they must know about their own history.

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Yes, interviews, oral histories, these capture the knowledge stories and legends

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that have been passed down through the generations.

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The oral tradition is an important source of information.

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It provides unique insights about Mackenzie Inuit life.

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So it\'s good that they are finally being recorded now, better late than never

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although we all know memories can get blurred over time.

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But getting back to the ethnohistoric documents

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unfortunately, there aren\'t many written documents from the time of the kindergarten settlement

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and many of them have, well, limitations.

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limitations? Well, for example, some blue Euro American explorers

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recorded details of their interactions with the Mackenzie Inuit in the area

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but these explorers never physically stepped foot inside the actual kitigaaryuit settlement.

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Their documents provide us with some idea of what life was probably like near kindergarten at the time.

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But Well, another example, some documents don\'t get the dates when events occurred.

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Other documents contain inconsistencies

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and one had the location of the whale hunt completely wrong.

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One important set of journals and letters that is still being studied was written back in the late 1800s and early 1900s

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by a man named Isaac stringer during several yearly visits to kitigaaryuit.

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There are a number of reasons why stringers documents are significant.

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His notes were full of details.

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He wrote daily about the events happening around him

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descriptions of the Inuit hunting whales from their kayaks

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descriptions of Inuit rituals and practices, such as how they dried and stored food for the winter

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and oh, oh, a whole lot more

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how they decisions what their houses were like.

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Sounds like you wrote about a lot. Yes, but here\'s what\'s particularly important.

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Stringer was able to describe an extremely important transitional period in Inuit society

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right after large numbers of American whaling ships and sailors

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had arrived on the scene.

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By looking at his journals over time, we can even see evidence of their impact.

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For instance, stringer wrote in 1900 that the Inuit were using kayaks to hunt whales as they had been all along.

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But when stringer returned in 1909 they had switched to using Euro American style boats.

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a pretty dramatic change.

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It doesn\'t appear that stringer exaggerated anything

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his notes are reliable, consistent and compatible

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with things we know from other sources

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and he wrote it all from right there in kitigaaryuit

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not not from somewhere else years later

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looking back on his memories

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it\'s too bad that he never visited during the winter though.

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