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第1段
1 .Listen to part of a lecture in an anthropology class.
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2 .Okay, we\'re continuing today with our discussion of the Inuit people of North America.
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3 .We finished up covering their early history through the 18th century, right?
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4 .So let\'s move on to the 19th century.
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5 .Now, of the different groups that are considered part of the Inuit people。
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6 .you remember I mentioned the Mackenzie Inuit last time.
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7 .The Mackenzie Inuit are the ones who live up in northwestern most Canada
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8 .In the 19th century, the most important settlement of the Mackenzie Inuit was kitigaaryuit.
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9 .The settlement of kitigaaryuit, well, it was actually a village.
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10 .Archeological evidence indicates that kitigaaryuit was central to the history and culture of the Mackenzie Inuit.
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11 .It was located on the coast of Arctic Canada, and had an annual whale hunt.
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12 .In the 19th century，it became a trading center for trade between the Mackenzie Inuit and the euro Americans.
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13 .But even though kitigaaryuit holds such an important position in Mackenzie Inuit history.
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14 .we don\'t actually have a thorough understanding of what life was like there back then.
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15 .What we do know about ninth century life in kindergarten comes from three kinds of data.
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16 .One of them is from ethnohistoric sources.
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17 .which are written accounts, documents that were written back in the 19th century.
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18 .Another type of data is from the archeological evidence I mentioned.
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19 .So where else could we get data? Any ideas?
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20 .Interviews with modern Mackenzie Inuit people they must know about their own history.
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21 .Yes, interviews, oral histories, these capture the knowledge stories and legends
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22 .that have been passed down through the generations.
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23 .The oral tradition is an important source of information.
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24 .It provides unique insights about Mackenzie Inuit life.
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25 .So it\'s good that they are finally being recorded now, better late than never
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26 .although we all know memories can get blurred over time.
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27 .But getting back to the ethnohistoric documents
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28 .unfortunately, there aren\'t many written documents from the time of the kindergarten settlement
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29 .and many of them have, well, limitations.
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30 .limitations? Well, for example, some blue Euro American explorers
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31 .recorded details of their interactions with the Mackenzie Inuit in the area
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32 .but these explorers never physically stepped foot inside the actual kitigaaryuit settlement.
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33 .Their documents provide us with some idea of what life was probably like near kindergarten at the time.
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34 .But Well, another example, some documents don\'t get the dates when events occurred.
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35 .Other documents contain inconsistencies
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36 .and one had the location of the whale hunt completely wrong.
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37 .One important set of journals and letters that is still being studied was written back in the late 1800s and early 1900s
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38 .by a man named Isaac stringer during several yearly visits to kitigaaryuit.
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39 .There are a number of reasons why stringers documents are significant.
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40 .His notes were full of details.
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41 .He wrote daily about the events happening around him
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42 .descriptions of the Inuit hunting whales from their kayaks
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43 .descriptions of Inuit rituals and practices, such as how they dried and stored food for the winter
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44 .and oh, oh, a whole lot more
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45 .how they decisions what their houses were like.
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46 .Sounds like you wrote about a lot. Yes, but here\'s what\'s particularly important.
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47 .Stringer was able to describe an extremely important transitional period in Inuit society
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48 .right after large numbers of American whaling ships and sailors
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49 .had arrived on the scene.
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50 .By looking at his journals over time, we can even see evidence of their impact.
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51 .For instance, stringer wrote in 1900 that the Inuit were using kayaks to hunt whales as they had been all along.
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52 .But when stringer returned in 1909 they had switched to using Euro American style boats.
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53 .a pretty dramatic change.
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54 .It doesn\'t appear that stringer exaggerated anything
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55 .his notes are reliable, consistent and compatible
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56 .with things we know from other sources
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57 .and he wrote it all from right there in kitigaaryuit
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58 .not not from somewhere else years later
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59 .looking back on his memories
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60 .it\'s too bad that he never visited during the winter though.
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