NARRATOR：

Listen to a part of a lecture from a history class.

The professor is talking about the Industrial Revolution.

FEMALE PROFESSOR：

Back in the eighteenth century, in a time known as the Industrial Revolution,

some countries... well, England in particular... started using new technology,

like steam-powered machines, to produce goods.

And the use of these machines brought about some significant changes.

Let's go over two main changes that occurred.

One change was that the center of production moved from homes to factories.

Um, let's take fabric'er, cloth as an example.

Historically, for a very long time, people had made cloth by hand in their homes, earning a little money from their home-based cloth production.

But then these new steam-powered machines for weaving cloth were invented

and placed into factories, and these machines could weave cloth

much more quickly and efficiently.

So there wasn't any reason to keep making cloth slowly, in homes, when it could be made faster on factory machines.

Thus the majority of cloth production shifted from home-based businesses

to factory production.

Another result of the new technology is that cities

started forming around factories.

Like, let's say there was a cloth factory that was built in a certain small village.

Now, of course the factory needed workers to operate the machines used in cloth production.

So the factory would hire a lot of rural workers,

who would then move from the countryside to the village.

So instead of being spread out all over the countryside, the workers started to congregate in the village with the factory.

As a result, the village got bigger and bigger and eventually grew into a city.